主题: 语法总结
1.最主要的几点: 通顺, 流畅, 简洁, 清楚无歧义, 语法正确且用正确的idiom
2.读题,读完全句,注意时态,主语单复数,逻辑结构,整句意思和语气,找idiom和平行结构. 文章中将两个部分等同时,一定要看是否是同一类型,逻辑是否正确! 当两个答案都好像可选时,从逻辑(意思)入手!
3.时态(注意未划线部分的时态,以前后搭配!!!;过去完成时必须和过去时连用,并表示过去曾发生但在过去某时间已停止;现在完成时表示已经完成并不再进行的动作(但如果有since, for等时间状语,则表示还将继续的动作);如果是同时间发生,将来时和一般现在时不能连用); 代词(it, those, that尤其是it,应就近修饰名词或指代所在主句或从句的主语)和单复数; 主谓一致(单三)和both, each, each other, one another的用法及一致(both…each other为错);平行结构(修饰和被修饰部分,省略,主语一致);if和whether; 歧义(修饰词,状语,代词的位置);redundancy (从句还是分词,that is, being, etc.); 动名词,分词和不定式(动名词表伴随,结果,正在发生,which, it和动名词做伴随状语; 情态动词(原文中的情态动词一般不能改);so that, such that, 和so as to的用法; 动名词,分词和不定式(动名词表示结果和正在发生的动作等,如果描述过去的动作,用动名词错;不定式一般表目的,偶尔才表结果); such as和like; unlike, in contrary to, despite, although;逗号;
4.状语所在的位置和被修饰动词的关系; 修饰词与被修饰词的位置和关系P120-24 P121-27,
5.代词的对应关系; it, this, that, these, those等必须有相对应的名词 P111 7-8, 如果划线部分有代词, 一定要找到所指代的名词, 如没有或不对应, 必错; it同which不能表示前面的整句; this不做指代P121-27
6.OG-43; OG50; OG-55(within; A instead of B前后也要一致); OG-59; OG-60; OG-70; OG-74; OG-80(those做代词前面应有复数名词相对应); OG-83 (it的用法); OG-84; OG-91; OG-100; OG-105; OG-109 (require of…that (not to); of的用法jobs of skill);OG-111(give credit to sb. for doing sth); OG-124; OG126!!; OG-132(equal and equivalent的用法);OG-133(平行结构is done和do不平行); OG-134(should and will); OG-135(use of comma—平行的有独自主谓结构的句子之间必须有逗号!); OG-137(of and for); OG-146(if从句中不用will将来时); OG-155; OG-158(as is not idiomatic); OG-161(would和will); OG-171; OG-176; OG-183(代词的重要性); OG-188(that和who的比较); OG-190(并列项的逻辑关系); OG-195(多对一的逻辑关系错); OG-197(and和as well as的区别); OG-198(过去某时前发生的动作必须用过去完成时); OG-205(although); OG-214(it); OG-216(and also=not only…but also); OG-229(for the process can mean…); OG-230(in reference to and referring to); OG-237(interaction of); OG-255(passive tense; they; it);
7.句子结构简洁: 分词结构优先于从句; being一般省略; 但比较时than后的主谓要全:避免歧义
8.分词结构做状语等句子成分时,其逻辑主语一定要和主句主语一致 P120-25
9.主动优先于被动
10.such as代替like; rather than代替instead of; increased优先于increasing; 两者之间的比较用compare with而不用compare to;用whether不if引导从句;
11.In that不出现在句首
12.admit to something, e.g. He admits to his lack in computer skills.
13.seem to be为正确结构. 不用seem + adjective or noun
14.介宾短语(如on the basis of)在句首不要求逻辑主语
15.现在分词表示主动,伴随,结果,和正在进行的动作, 过去分词表示被动和完成的动作,不定式表示将来发生或目的,不定式做修饰成分与主语不分开 P
16.常用词: attempt to; both…and; not only…but also; suggest A as B; define…as; use…as; consider sth. sth. (而不是consider sth. as sth.); regard as; legend has it that; choose from, contribute to; according to; conclude that; not so much as; neither nor; modeled after; a result of; to result in; a debate over; a responsibility to, responsible for; different from; a consequence of; so…as to be; so…that; depicted as; as great as; as good as; better than; attribute to; credited with; agree with; appear to; because of; depend on; due to; in order to; subject to; insofar as (在…范围内,相当于as far as); alter sth. to do sth.; mold sth. to do sth.;
17.unlike, opposite to和in contrast to在句首时,其逻辑主语应与主句主语一致;contrary to无须如此P119-22
18.不能改变句意和正确结构, 主从关系不能改变!! P120-25
19.only的位置要与句意相符armed only with a map不能用only armed with a map
20.注意并列结构如:that…and that…
21.同位语从句只能用that引导(that无实际意义,e.g. The news that he is gay proves…)
22.在GMAT中,复数名词可以拥有单数事物, e.g. Three out of four own a bicycle.
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