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清华大学考研辅导强化班课程《英语翻译》 |
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| www.iselong.com 日期:2006-03-14 16:29
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(2) As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.
众所周知,碱与酸反应生成盐。 (化学)
(3) A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector.
晶体管有三个电极,即发射极,基极和集电极。(电子)
(4) Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.
AB线是三角形ABC的底边。(数学)
(5) The weary troops marched back to the base.
疲惫不堪的士兵列队返回基地。(军事)
(6) He is on the second base.
他在二垒。(体育)
练习
一、根据词语搭配辨析词义。以常见的形容词good为例:
1. good saying名2. 言
3. good boy乖孩子
4. good child孝子
5. good contract有效的合同6.
7. good debt有把握收回的债
8. good eggs新鲜的鸡蛋
9. good eyesight正常的视力
10. good father慈父
11. good features漂亮的相貌
12. good friend挚友
13. good friend益友
14. good idea妙计
15. good investment可靠的投资
16. good joke有趣的笑话
17. good looks美貌
18. good luck鸿运
19. good manners得体的举止
20. good match佳偶、劲敌
21. good mother良母
22. good neighbor睦邻
23. good reason充足的理由
24. good soil肥沃的土地
25. good teacher良师
26. good wife贤妻
二、根据上下文翻译develop一词:
1 His plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after takeoff. (发生故障)
2 Modern aircraft are so heavy that the wings must develop a very large lift force in order to sustain the aircraft. (产生升力)
3 Inspired by these ideas, in 1752 Franklin developed a practical lightning rod. (发明避雷针)
4 A hypothesis is a specific statement developed by a scientist from observations.(得出论断)
5 Until the domain theory of magnetism was developed, they did not have much success. (提出理论)
6 To develop the capabilities of the geophysical prospecting, the renewal of the techniques and equipment is the first thing to be considered. (提高能力)
7 Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type of potato he had developed. (培育新品种)
8 As young Goddard grew into manhood, he developed tuberculosis. (患上结核病)
9 We must develop all the natural substances in our country which can make us rich.(开发资源)
10 Several attempts have been made through the years to develop the deposit.(开采矿床)
第三讲 直译意译 抓住要点
III. 直译意译 抓住要点
考题实例:Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. (1999)
人们关注历史研究的方法,主要是因为史学界内部意见不统一,其次是因为外界怀疑历史是不是一门学科。
直译:历史方法的兴趣 产生较少 通过外部 历史作为知识学科的合法性
I. 直译与意译
什么是直译?所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中尽量保持原文的形式—特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。例如,汉语中的“武装到牙齿”、“鳄鱼的眼泪”、“连锁反应”、“双赢”等 便是从英语的be armed to teeth, crocodile‘s tears, chain reaction以及win-win等词组短语直接翻译过来的,对应了原文的字面意义,保留了原文的生动形象。再如关于“死”的说法,英汉均有非常丰富的委婉表达方法。对于不同的对象,“死”的用法也各有讲究,直译较能生动地表现出原文的风格面貌、形象特点:breathe one’s last (断气),see God(见上帝),see one’s ancestors(见祖先),see Marx (见马克思),go west(上西天),go to heaven(进天国),kick the bucket(蹬腿儿了)……
所谓意译,是指译文与原文因表达方式上的差异,不便或无法将原文的思想内容或形象直接表现出来,需要译者根据原文的意思用自己的话恰如其分地将其译出。这就需要译者付出创造性的劳动,从整体上把握句子或篇章的内容。例如:
1. It rains cats and dogs.大雨如注
2 Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.不必担心过早。(不必自寻烦恼。)
3. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。
4. Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是好欺骗的吗?
以上各例,均不宜按原文字面意义直接译出,否则,会令人感到莫名其妙,不知所云。
直译与意译是相对的,而不是绝对的。无论直译还是意译,都只能限定在一定的条件和范围内,根据一定的上下文、具体的文体需要而加以处理,如:Kill two birds with one stone.按直译法,此句可译作“一石二鸟”;按意译法,此句可译作汉语的成语“一箭双雕”,“一举两得”。不少英语句子根据不同的上下文,既可用直译来翻译,又可用意译来处理。如:
5.Every life has its roses and thorns.
直译:每个人的一生都既有玫瑰,又有荆棘。
意译:人生总是有苦有乐,甘苦参半。
6. Valuable left in full view can be open invitation to theft.
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