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解密考研阅读命题与对策 |
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| www.iselong.com 日期：2006-03-14 16:30
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The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq
suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same
time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price
higher still in the short term.
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now
to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of
crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol
than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to
four_fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the
price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the
past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so
less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a
shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,
energy_intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software,
consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car
production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich
economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD
estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices average
$22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would
increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25%-0.5% of
GDP. That is less than one_quarter of the income loss in 1974 or
1980. On the other hand, oil_importing emerging economies—to which
heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy_intensive, and
so could be more seriously squeezed.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is
that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the
backbone of general commodity_price inflation and global excess
demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from
economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly
unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%,
and in 1979 by almost 30%.
From the text we can see that the writer seems .
［A］ optimistic
［B］ sensitive
［C］ gloomy
［D］ scared［2002年55题］
A［正确答案］
2. 局部作者态度题
此类题目考查考生对局部细节所体现出的作者态度的理解，因此做此类题时，
考生不能再像前一种态度题一样去找“感觉”，而应当回到文章局部上，落到
实处。
例
In the last half of the nineteenth century, “capital” and
“labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations
on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited
liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The
change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a
large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency
that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second
and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a
step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and
municipal and state_owned business. The railway companies, though
still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were
very unlike old family business!At the same time the great
municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and
other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business
had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of
capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of
shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing
irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the
landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible
management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America,
Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by
British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the
world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth
and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who
had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of
the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally
attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the
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