| 万千英语族 >
英语资料库
> 考研英语
> 解密考研阅读命题与对策
| |
|
解密考研阅读命题与对策 |
|---|
|
| www.iselong.com 日期：2006-03-14 16:30
|
|
management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and
freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the
highest purpose of a great civilisation.
The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts
or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which they held
shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour
was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more
direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had
seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the
employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old
family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations
and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations
impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and
organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades,
enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the
companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and
lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and
understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author is most critical of .
［A］ family firm owners
［B］ landowners
［C］ managers
［D］ shareholders［1996年62题］
D［正确答案］
在谈到family firm owners 时，作者只是说：“通过雇用一大批专业人员，这
一变化适应了新时代的技术要求，防止了效率的下降。而效率的下降通常是家
族公司在精力充沛的创立者之后的第二三代破产的原因。”这是很客观的表
述，在谈到landowners时说：“对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人运作大大
增加了作为一个阶层的持股人的数量及地位的重要性。
国民生活中这一现象的出现代表了不由个人负责的财富与土地及土地所有者的
义务的分离，这也在同样程度上意味着（不由个人负责的财富）与经营管理责
任的分离。”也是很客观的表述，没有表明自己的态度。C选项在原文中有两处
提及，但都是指带薪经理，对经理并没有进行任何批评性评论，因而也不符合
题意。只有D选项对应原文中The “shareholders” as such had no
knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by
the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the
relations of capital and labour was not good.“像这样的‘持股人’对所
持股票公司雇用的工人的生活，思想和需求一无所知，他对资本与劳工关系没
有什么好的影响。”显然，作者对这种“持股人”持批判的态度，所以D是正确
答案。实际上，1996年第62题命题也可以直接以下面的形式出现：
The author's attitude towards shareholders is.
［A］ biased［B］ positive［C］ sympathetic［D］ critical
四、首段原则
首段原则应用于根据首段内容所设置的题目，它包括两种形式：首句原则和末
句原则。
1.首句原则
回顾近几年的考研阅读题，细心的考生会发现历年考研试卷中都有题目针对首
段第一句话设问，为什么会出现这种情况？原因很简单，考研阅读所选的文章
均是议论文和说明文，此类文章的文体要求在首段提出观点、突出中心，因此
第一段就好像全篇文章的一个总纲，确定了文章的主要内容，而第一句话常常
是一个自然段的主题句，首段首句自然就成为常考且必考的一个考点。
例
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable
and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy
has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be
replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a
30_minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging
population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered
medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health_care system can
cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens
this greatness of ours.
What is implied in the first sentence?
［A］ Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
［B］ Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
［C］ Americans are over_confident of their medical technology.
［D］ Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
［2003年56题］
C［正确答案］
2.末句原则
有时一个自然段的主题句也会出现在段末，因此考点也相应转向末句。
例
Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or
mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the
term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal
上一页 1 2 3 4 5 [6] 7 8 9 10 下一页
|
