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解密考研阅读命题与对策 |
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| www.iselong.com 日期：2006-03-14 16:30
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chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar
substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why
the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and
psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead
of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and
tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
“Substance abuse”is preferable to “drug abuse” in that.
［A］ substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if
illegally used
［B］ “drug abuse” is only related to a limited number or drug
takers
［C］ alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine
［D］ many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be
poisonous［1997年59题］
D［正确答案］
五、段落原则
段落推断原则考查考生对段落内容的理解，分为两类题型：段落首句推断和段
落中句子推断。针对这两种具体题型的原则为：先看首句，如与选项符合即可
选择，不必再浪费时间看完整个段落，如首句不能与选项吻合时再将整个段落
读完以寻找符合的选项。
1. 段落首句推断
例
Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world
as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information
collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm
was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world
and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs,
we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign_ups from Ukraine,” says
Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we'll hear
back from some of them.” Open_source spying does have its risks, of
course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.
That's where Straitford earns its keep.
It can be learned from paragraph 4 that.
［A］ Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true
［B］ Straitford's guarantees the truthfulness of its information
［C］ Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability
［D］ Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information［2003
年44题］
D［正确答案］
2.段落中句子推断
例
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the web will need to
resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual
Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site
selling the right kind of products with the right mix of
interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online
customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall,
which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon.
People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so
few companies took the online plunge.
Ｗe learn from the last paragraph that .
［A］pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce
［B］interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online
customers
［C］leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago
［D］setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of
computing power［1999年58题］
B［正确答案］
六、转折/对比原则
议论文和说明文都强调逻辑的严谨性，而转折和对比常常可以用来测试考生在
这一方面的阅读理解能力，所以考生对文中的转折和对比关系应高度重视，只
要看到标明转折或对比的关系词如but, however等，就应当立即在原文上进行
圈点。一般说来转折后的内容多与上文所表达的意思相反，而对比往往是强调
其中的一方。
1.首段的转折/对比
只要首段中出现一对处于对比状况的概念，命题专家通常都会就此设置考题，
考生应掌握这一规律，在看到文章首段出现转折对比的内容时，应当立即集中
注意力，同时还要明白，第一段出现转折关系时，转折后所表述的一定是文章
的中心议题，而在首段出现的对照或对比的内容将在下文中进行具体的议论，
并在文章最后得出结论。
例
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant
dams. Perhaps it is human kind's long suffering at the mercy of
flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do
our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes,
to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm
than good.
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