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解密考研阅读命题与对策 |
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| www.iselong.com 日期：2006-03-14 16:30
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aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons.
The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the
reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law
Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose
recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for
tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious
dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
“Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,”
says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new
guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way,
the information on products might actually be provided for the
benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that .
［A］some injury claims were no longer supported by law
［B］helmets were not designed to prevent injuries
［C］product labels would eventually be discarded
［D］some sports games might lose popularity with athletes［1999年53
题］
A［正确答案］
十、句子理解原则
这种题型旨在考查文中某一句话的内涵。因此在解题时，考生要牢牢抓住这句
话本身，弄清楚它的每个单词、每个表达及整个句子所传递的信息，可以借助
周边的句子来帮助理解，但不要跑得太远。
例
In the US and Canada,where the right_to_die movement is gathering
strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
When the author says that “observers are waiting for the dominoes
to start falling”, he means .
［A］ observers are taking a wait_and_see attitude towards the
future of euthanasia
［B］ similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and
other countries
［C］ observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
［D］ the effect_taking process of the passed bill may finally come
to a stop［1997年52题］
B［正确答案］
十一、词汇原则
阅读中的词汇题通常会有两种情况，一种是考生一看到所考的单词立刻心跳加
速：“完了，这个词不认识，大纲上也没有。”还有就是一看到单词，立刻欣
喜不已：“哈哈，这么容易的单词。”第一种情况下考生往往会随便猜一个选
项，错误率很高。而第二种情况下，考生往往落入命题专家的陷阱，不知不觉
地失了分，原因是考生并没有掌握阅读词汇题的基本命题原则。
在阅读部分的词汇题要考的并不是考生认不认识题中所考的单词，否则便是命
题失效。此处要考的是考生阅读中的推断能力，也就是说题中所考单词的词义
必定能根据上下文推断出来。所以考生在遇到阅读中的词汇题时，一定要冷
静，去上下文中细找，推断出词义后，可将词义代入原文看是否通畅。
例1
Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on
the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If
railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue,
shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms
of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to
shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's a theory to which
many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads
in the position of determining which companies will flourish and
which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of
who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici,
a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.
The word “arbiters” most probably refers to those.
［A］ who work as coordinators［B］ who function as judges
［C］ who supervise transactions［D］ who determine the price［2003年
54题］
B［正确答案］
例2
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you
think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do
that,” says another expert. “There's no career counseling implicit
in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as
a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular
database; when you get E_mail, consider it a reminder to check the
database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything
that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the
author of a job_searching guide.
The expression “tip service” most probably means .
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